The First Wave Of Terrorism - 1740 Words

There continues to be a widespread scholarly debate on the concept of â€Å"new† and ‘old’ terrorism, where ‘new’ terrorism phenomenon is predominately linked with ‘religious’ terrorism. David Rapoport, also known as one of the most well known founding figures of terrorism studies, joined UCLA in 1962 as a political theorist and later he became a founder and editor of Terrorism and Political Violence (UCLA). The idea of religious terrorism coincides with Rapoport’s (2004) theory on the waves of modern terrorism, especially the fourth wave. Rapoport (2004) contends that modern terrorism should be split into waves with each wave being prevailed by a certain ideology. The fourth wave, which is the current wave today, is motivated by extreme†¦show more content†¦For example, some groups that have been herald as a terrorist organisation, such as Hamas, are mainly secular and driven by non-religious objectives (Schulzke NA). Fur thermore, Rapoport (2004) argues that ethno-religious conflicts are generally more violent than other forms of terrorism, however he fails to clearly elaborate what kind of behaviours would constitute as an ethno-religious conflict. Rapoprt’s claim is not consistent since so many religious individuals do not engage in any kind of violence. Furthermore, Rapoport (2004) focuses on non-state terrorist organisations that engage in organized religious violence, it turns the attention away from several forms of other religious violence that occurred informally or at the order of elites or political leaders. However this argument is not within Rapoport‘s scope of interest in terrorism. Nonetheless, this narrow theory consequently portrays religious violence as less common then it actually is since it does not take into consideration all types of religiously driven attacks. By analysing Rapoport’s (2004) theory on modern terrorism, it is evident that there are some criti cal flaws. Rapoport’s (2004) theory on the Four Waves of Terrorism is fixed whereasShow MoreRelatedReview of the Article The New/Old Terrorism637 Words   |  3 PagesUnit VI Article Review Summary The New/Old Terrorism, an article by Jeffery Kaplan (2011) discusses the United States the ramifications to the Terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Center in New York. The article notes that the use of explosives to accomplish acts of terrorism is nothing new, and looks at the history of terrorism in the world. Kaplan explains rift in academia between Georgetown University professor Bruce Hoffman director of the Center for Peace and SecurityRead MoreThe four waves of modern terrorism1563 Words   |  7 PagesModern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explainedRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1105 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the 1990’s terrorism became more and more widely used as a means for achieving political ends. By the 2000’s, bin Laden had directed various attacks against the U.S. through the al-Qaeda terr or network, including the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Africa (Mulhausen). On September 11th, 2001 things would change, Bin Laden would strike on United States soil. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four separate planes and crashed them into World Trade Center oneRead MoreReligion Is The Cause Of Recent Suicide Terrorist Attacks Around The World Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesshows there has been a majority opinion that religion is the cause of recent suicide-terrorist attack around the world. In the wake of recent terrorist attacks, Western culture has jumped to an easy and apparent conclusion that seeking to eliminate terrorism means realizing the motivations of the terrorists. The perpetrators of most of these terrorist attack, have all claimed motivation from their religion. However, religious beliefs and opinions plays a significant role in the lives of individuals asRead MoreThe Attack On The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atta ck on the September 11, and the consequent War on Terror changed how the American government and its public perceive terrorism and how to formulate a policy to counter the phenomenon. A couple of large wars were waged on the name of War on Terror and many other small wars and conflicts took place in numbers of countries and continents to eradicate the threat of a terrorist attack. Yet the terrorist groups survived and the United States were left with a large debt acquired by expensive counterterrorismRead MoreAnalysis Of David Rapoport s Theory Of The Waves Of Terrorism1744 Words   |  7 Pagespattern, the twenty-first century has experienced a divide between western powers and their allies, and some Middle-Eastern states. The events of 9/11 directly threatened the U.S. supremacy, marking the first significant terrorist attack on U.S. soil. As well as this, it became evident that there are new tactics available for individuals wanting to threaten the superpower. In enhancing the u nderstanding of these new tactics, David Rapoport’s theory of the ‘Waves of Terrorism’ will be explored. WhileRead MoreThe History of Terrorism in America1861 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Terrorism in America tends to be a product of many issues, population as well as conflict that has co-existed within the nations borders. Uniquely United State has been known for its ability to contain multitudes in relative harmony. According to investigations, majority of terrorism in the history of America is motivated by an extreme distrust of the ideal American democracy that has given opportunity for every individual to claim loyalty to, in addition to benefiting from AmericanRead MoreA Comparison of the September 11 Attack and the Attack on Pearl Harbor742 Words   |  3 PagesStates entering the second world war. on September 11, 2001 The American soil was once again attacked, in an act led by terrorism which also directed The United States into war but not a world war, but a war against terrorism. Pearl harbor Pearl harbor at 6:30 a.m. on December 7, 1941 six Japanese carriers launched its first wave of attack which consisted of one hundred and eighty-one different kinds of planes such as torpedo bombers, dive bombersRead MoreMorality Questioned in Unforgiven Essay648 Words   |  3 Pagesresemblances between the 1992 society, which was when the movie was made and the dystopian society displayed in the film. Terrorism could bear a resemblance to William Munny’s way of life for the first part of the movie. William Munny’s wife ridded him of all his previous evils including his way of murder, thievery, and immoral actions. At the time the movie was made, for instance, terrorism was at its lowest point it had been in twenty years which clearly resembles Munny’s dormant living style. The SchofieldRead MoreNegative Effects Of Globalization1552 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals. Some oppose the changes it brings, some turn it to their benefit. The latest globalization wave carrying American values hit the Arab Spring particularly hard. The fight against conformation to American values intensified Jihad movements through terrorism against the Western world. Terrorist groups were able to utilize the same communication advances that caused the latest globalization wave, trying to resist all the social changes it brought upon conservative Muslims, at the same time driving

According To The First Amendment Of The United States...

According to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, the people of the nation are entitled to the freedom of speech, but not all speech is the same. The internet provides us with an infinite amount of information, grants us access to virtually everything we could want and acts as an unrestrained vehicle of communication. In the day and age where technology is advancing and social media and internet are of rising importance, the Supreme Court of the United States has been faced with the challenge of deciding what constitutes a true threat made on social media websites. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free†¦show more content†¦In this case, the interstate commerce would be defined as the Internet. Anthony Elonis was convicted of making threats against his ex-wife, and a FBI agent and charged with five counts of violation of 18 U.S.C  § 875(c), the federal anti-threat statute. Elonis had posted comments of his Facebook that were interpreted as threats towards not only his ex-wife but to other people in his life shortly after experiencing his wife leaving him and the loss of his job. During his trial, Elonis argued that his posts were a form of â€Å"artistic expression† that help him deal with the events he was experiencing in his life. The dialect that he used in some of the posts was said to address similar ideas as many popular rap songs, in a similar violent manner but Elonis insisted that they did not refle ct any of his personal values or beliefs as a person. He continued to argue that although the people reading his posts might have possibly perceived them as threats, he could not be convicted of making threats because he never intended to threaten anyone. The term â€Å"threat† generally means a communication with an intent to cause fear and Elonis claims that he never intended to communicate a â€Å"true threat.† Elonis argued that the United States Government must be able to prove that there was a subjective intent to harm or injure another, in accordance to the First Amendment. This means that the government must be able to confirm and be able to provide evidence that Mr. ElonisShow MoreRelatedI Had A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.1684 Words   |  7 Pagesgatherings have impacted the United States civilization as we know it. Our freedom of speech and the freedom to associate ourselves with who we please has helped the United States nation grow in development and tolerance. The ability to speak and act on our actions will have an effect on our posterity and how they will live and how their generation will think. 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Globalization trends Free Essays

Each of these stakeholders gains when a company improves the value Hahn. The common key processes that should be used to improve the value and supply chain revolve around the customer, stakeholder, and supplier. Strategic planning to change management to customer service all serve a purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization trends or any similar topic only for you Order Now That purpose is to enable companies and partners to do business in such a different way that creates competitive advantage. When performance is elevated to a level in which success is imminent the company not only sees increase in profits but also sees new levels in customer service, inventory, production, and synchronization of key operations. Country Risk Analysis – Struck Entering Japan Any number of risks can affect an organization’s global operations and the way to overcome these risks is by implementing advantageous strategic goals and strategies. In any new business venture a firm must take risks to achieve objectives set. When expanding into a new country a higher degree of risk must be taken. However, a higher degree of risk does not mean the company will be venerable to losses because of changes in the economies or political situations in countries in which they are investing. Understanding the types of risk involved and properly planning for these risks will allow the company to mitigate most problems and revert losses. As described by A. M. Best’s assessment (2009) of the three categories of risk, Japan has been rated low in economic, political, and financial systems. Economic Environment Japan is the second largest economy in the world behind the United States. Yet, revised figures for the final quarter of 2009 grew by less than what was estimated, 1. 1 percent. â€Å"Japan continues to face the problem of deflation† (BBC News, 2010, Para. 6). Because deflation is bad for the economy, the tendency is for consumers and businesses to delay in making major purchases. With the value of currency rising all he higher value of currency to purchase more. Bank of Japan board members during their February meeting had mixed views on the economy. Some members believe that upside and downside risks were becoming balanced, whereas others felt â€Å"considerable downside risks to the economy’ (Toasts, 2010, Para. 2). Believing that brand recognition alone could aid in the success of expansion into Japan was not a good move for Struck. Because the Japanese have a taste for everything western Struck was sure about the marketability of the Japanese. Unfortunately, Struck suffered because of â€Å"bad predictions† (Gators, 2009, Para. 0) and not enough information gathered on Japan’s economy. Political Environment Presently, Japanese Prime Minister Taro Ass is struggling to implement strategies to bolster Japan’s economy. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDAP) has not passed a supplemental budget needed to fund the first economic stimulus package discussed back in October 2008 (Hashish, 2009). The political paralysis of Japan takes part in the global financial crisis causing the eroding of consumer product purchases. Once a business is up and running the worry becomes entering and enforcing contracts with errs and sellers. Even with guidelines set in formulating and enforcing contracts variations are still placed on certain ways a country views the legal system. Japan is a civil law system country encouraging shorter and less specific contracts because the general civic code deals with many pertinent issues (Daniels, Redheaded ; Sullivan, 2007). The wealth of the country decides on what business regulation procedures are required when opening a business. With free trade becoming more popular in countries that at one time placed strict regulations on foreign businesses he increase in capital has effected multinational and international companies to expand outside their home countries. The relaxed restrictions result in opportunities for people to experience global products and brands. Components of a Global Business Plan A business plan tells a story about a company’s strategies and goals. Along with this information, a business plan also requires specific components. The first section must start with an executive summary. The executive summary is a brief synopsis of the business plan that includes a description of the nature of the business, a reason rodents or services is needed, description of the organization and management team, and a brief explanation on the sales and marketing approach. The next section is more detailed information taken from the executive summary including the business, market analysis, financing, and management sections. Conclusion Stakeholders can be anyone directly and indirectly associated with the company, such as customers, suppliers, employees, and shareholders. Each can benefit as well as lose. The key is making sure all activities are streamlined and work in a synchronized manner. When this happens stakeholders benefit by lower costs, new reduce design and development, and trustworthiness of the company. Economic exposure is defined as, â€Å"the extent to which a firm’s market value is sensitive to unexpected changes in foreign currency’ (Perry, 2009, Three Types of Foreign Exchange Exposure for Mans, Para. ). Before expanding into another country, researching the economic structure of the country is important. Economic risk comes from the inability of a country to meet financial obligations. Sustaining, and self-governing society (Daniels, Redheaded, Sullivan, 2007, Para. 1). Creating a majority of people in society that accepts present political views an result in positive benefits including the attraction of foreign investment and international trade. When turmoil among the people and the roles of government exists, friction occur creating unpleasant unrest. How to cite Globalization trends, Papers